Notes-Bibliography is the version of Chicago style which uses footnotes for in-text citation.
Book with a single author or editor
First footnote:
Author Firstname Lastname, Title of Book (Publisher, Date), page.
Amy D. Finstein, Modern Mobility Aloft: Elevated Highways, Architecture, and Urban Change in Pre-Interstate America (Temple University Press, 2020), 10.
Second footnote:
Author Lastname, Abbreviated Title of Book, page.
Finstein, Modern Mobility Aloft, 10.
Bibliography:
Author Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Publisher, Date.
Finstein, Amy D. Modern Mobility Aloft: Elevated Highways, Architecture, and Urban Change in Pre-Interstate America. Temple University Press, 2020.
Journal article from an online database
First footnote:
Author Firstname Lastname, "Title of Article," Journal Title volume, no. issue (date): page, DOI link or URL or database.
Chanelle Robinson, "'Papa Don't Preach': Imagining a Theology of Apology in Canada," Toronto Journal of Theology 35, no.1 (2019): 10, https://doi.org/10.3138/tjt.2018-0120.
Second footnote:
Author Lastname, "Abbreviated Title of Article," page.
Robinson, "'Papa Don't Preach,'" 10.
Bibliography:
Author Lastname, Firstname. "Title of Article," Journal Title volume, no. issue (date): pages. DOI link or URL or database.
Robinson, Chanelle. "'Papa Don't Preach': Imagining a Theology of Apology in Canada." Toronto Journal of Theology 35, no.1 (2019): 9-24. https://doi.org/10.3138/tjt.2018-0120.
Online newspaper/magazine article
First footnote:
Author Firstname Lastname, "Title of Article," Newspaper, Month Day, Year, URL or database.
Edward T. O'Donnell, "When Irish Immigrants Were America's Most Feared Terrorist Group," Washington Post, March 17, 2019, ProQuest Central.
Second footnote:
Author Lastname, "Abbreviated Title of Article."
O'Donnell, "Irish Immigrants."
Bibliography:
Author Lastname, Firstname. "Title of Article." Newspaper, month day, year. URL or database.
O'Donnell, Edward T. "When Irish Immigrants Were America's Most Feared Terrorist Group." Washington Post, March 17, 2019. ProQuest Central.
Page from a website
First footnote:
"Page title," page creator, accessed month day, year, URL.
"Classics," College of the Holy Cross, accessed August 19, 2024, https://www.holycross.edu/academics/programs/classics.
Second footnote:
"Page title."
"Classics."
Bibliography:
Page creator. "Page title." Accessed month day, year. URL.
College of the Holy Cross. "Classics." Accessed August 19, 2024. https://www.holycross.edu/academics/programs/classics.
Guide to writing and citing in Chicago Style.
The Chicago Manual of Style (18th ed.)
Most History courses in Holy Cross will require you to cite sources using the Notes-Bibliography Chicago style. If you are unsure, check with your professor. Note that Notes-Bibliography is the version of Chicago style which is done using footnotes. Below are a few examples of citations for primary sources in Chicago Style.
Need more help? Use the resources listed in the Chicago Citation Help box below. For the most detailed information, we recommend consulting the print Chicago Manual or Chicago Manual of Style online (links below). The Chicago manual offers detailed examples for almost any kind of primary source you can think of!
Using a different citation style? See our Citing Your Sources guide and choose the page for the appropriate style.
Book with a single author
Footnote: Linus H. Shaw, The War, and Its Cause: A Sermon Preached at Sudbury, Mass., on Thanksgiving Day, Nov 21, 1861, at a Union Meeting of the Religious Societies of the Town (Waltham, Press of Josiah Hastings, 1861), p. 10.
Bibliography: Shaw, Linus H. The War, and Its Cause: A Sermon Preached at Sudbury, Mass., on Thanksgiving Day, Nov 21, 1861, at a Union Meeting of the Religious Societies of the Town. Waltham: Press of Josiah Hastings, 1861
Published correspondence
Footnote: Grant to McPherson, 1 July 1863. In The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, ed. John Y. Simon (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1979), 8:200.
Bibliography: Grant, Ulysses S. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant to Gen. James B. McPherson, 1 July 1863. In The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, edited by John Y. Simon, vol. 8. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1979.
Newspaper article found online
Footnote: George Kilmer, "Crisis on Round-Top," Gettysburg Compiler, September 15, 1896, https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nOIyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1QAGAAAAIBAJ&pg=6532%2C1049003
Bibliography: Kilmer, George. "Crisis on Round-Top." Gettysburg Compiler, September 15, 1896.
https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nOIyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1QAGAAAAIBAJ&pg=6532%2C1049003